Why Water Alone Won’t Hydrate You: The Electrolyte Truth

By Ben Lynch, ND

The references below were provided by the author and support the claims made throughout the article. Each citation links to its original publication for readers who wish to explore the underlying research.

For more on the products and protocols mentioned, visit seekinghealth.com.

(Continued from Why Water Alone Won’t Hydrate You: The Electrolyte Truth)

References

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Beyond Negative Labs: Microclots, Spike Protein, and the McCairn-Edogawa Protocol

A Well Being Journal Editorial

The references below support the claims made throughout this article. They represent the peer-reviewed research underpinning the science of fibrinaloid microclots, the McCairn-Edogawa Protocol, and related work in post-viral and post-vaccine illness. Each citation links to its original publication for readers who wish to explore the underlying research.

For more information on the treatment program described, visit Dr. Kevin McCairn’s Substack at substack.com/@kevinwmccairnphd282302 or x.com/KevinMcCairnPhD

(Continued from Beyond Negative Labs: Microclots, Spike Protein, and the McCairn-Edogawa Protocol)

References

1. Joseph G, et al. “Persistence of Long COVID Symptoms Two Years After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.” Viruses. 2024;16(12):1955. doi:10.3390/v16121955.

2. Halma M, Varon J. “Breaking the silence: Recognizing post-vaccination syndrome.” Heliyon. 2025;11(11):e43478. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e43478

3. Live broadcast on recovery from vaccine-related illness . X (formerly Twitter). Posted April 20, 2026. Accessed April 25, 2026. Available at: https://x.com/HouseLyndseyRN/status/2046396157752910046

4. Nyström S, Hammarström P. “Amyloidogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.” Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2022;144(20):8945–8950. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c03925.

5. Westman H, Hammarström P, Nyström S. “SARS-CoV-2 spike protein amyloid fibrils impair fibrin formation and fibrinolysis.” Biochemistry. 2025;64(24):4818–4829. doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00550

6. Kell DB, Laubscher GJ, Pretorius E. “A central role for amyloid fibrin microclots in Long COVID/PASC: origins and therapeutic implications.” Biochem J. 2022;479(4):537–559. doi:10.1042/BCJ20220016

7. Pretorius E, Venter C, Laubscher GJ, et al. “Prevalence of symptoms, comorbidities, fibrin amyloid microclots and platelet pathology in individuals with Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).” Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):148. doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01579-5

8. Kruger A, Vlok M, Turner S, et al. “Proteomics of fibrin amyloid microclots in Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) shows many entrapped pro-inflammatory molecules that may also contribute to a failed fibrinolysis.” Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):190. doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01623-4

9. Kell DB, Pretorius E. “Proteomic evidence for amyloidogenic cross-seeding in fibrinaloid microclots.” Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(19):10809. doi:10.3390/ijms251910809

10. Nunes JM, Kruger A, Proal A, Kell DB, Pretorius E. “The occurrence of hyperactivated platelets and fibrinaloid microclots in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).” Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022;15(8):931. doi:10.3390/ph15080931

11. Agishi T, et al. “Double filtration plasmapheresis.” Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1980;26:406–411.

12. Fox T, Hunt BJ, Ariëns RAS, et al. “Plasmapheresis to remove amyloid fibrin(ogen) particles for treating the post-COVID-19 condition.” Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;7:CD015775. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD015775

13. Cooney E. “NIH documents show how $1.6 billion long Covid initiative has failed so far to meet its goals.” STAT. May 31, 2024. https://www.statnews.com/2024/05/31/long-covid-nih-recover-initiative-falls-short-on-causes-treatments/

14. Jaeger BR, Arron HE, Booyens RM, et al. “Long COVID patients successfully treated by means of heparin-mediated extracorporeal LDL precipitation (H.E.L.P.) apheresis: a case series.” Infect Dis Diagn Treat. 2023;7:216.

15. Pretorius E, Page MJ, Engelbrecht L, Ellis GC, Kell DB. “Substantial fibrin amyloidogenesis in type 2 diabetes assessed using amyloid-selective fluorescent stains.” Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2017;16(1):141. doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0624-5

16. Pretorius E, Bester J, Page MJ, Kell DB. “The potential of LPS-binding protein to reverse amyloid formation in plasma fibrin of individuals with Alzheimer-type dementia.” Front Aging Neurosci. 2018;10:257. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2018.00257

17. Pretorius E, Page MJ, Mbotwe S, Kell DB. “Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) can reverse the amyloid state of fibrin seen or induced in Parkinson’s disease.” PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0192121. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192121

18. Pretorius E, Akeredolu OO, Soma P, Kell DB. “Major involvement of bacterial components in rheumatoid arthritis and its accompanying oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability.” Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2017;242(4):355–373. doi:10.1177/1535370216681549

19. de Waal GM, Engelbrecht L, Davis T, de Villiers WJS, Kell DB, Pretorius E. “Correlative light-electron microscopy detects lipopolysaccharide and its association with fibrin fibres in Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.” Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):16798. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35009-y

20. Bowden MT, McCairn KW. “Hail Mary for the Vaccine-Injured: Hope for Nurse Lyndsey in Japan with Kevin McCairn, PhD.” Dangerous Misinformation [Substack]. December 30, 2025. https://drbowden.substack.com/p/hail-mary-for-the-vaccine-injured. Accessed April 30, 2026.

21. National Institutes of Health. “Funding.” RECOVER COVID Initiative. Accessed May 2026. https://recovercovid.org/funding

22. Trager R. “NIH cancels grants through flagship long COVID initiative.” Chemical & Engineering News. July 30, 2025. https://cen.acs.org/policy/research-funding/NIH-cancels-RECOVER-grants-long/103/web/2025/03